Hip-hop and Rap Music Essay - 641 Words

Hip-hop and Rap Music Often times when people hear about Hip Hop/Rap music, theyll paint a picture in their heads of black men cussing, guns, marijuana, lots of gold, and girls looking like prostitutes. Parents and teachers put an image in their kids head that Rap music is bad, and they dont want their kids to be influenced by something that is negative. With the way Rap music is advertised in the US, I would have to agree with that looking at it from an average parents point of view. But what people dont know is that Hip Hop isnt just a type of music, its a culture. Its a culture full of original elements, and its also a place where people can show others what theyve got and who they are. Within this original†¦show more content†¦Just like all of the other geniuses like Newton, Galileo, and musically Jimi, there are MCs that are geniuses too. What makes those guys remarkable compared to others are their strength and choice of words, and their flow, or the melody, of their rhymes. I personally cant relate to the ghetto, guns, and all of that gangster stuff, so I dont listen to that genre all that much, but there are many elements people can pick up from the Hip Hop music. There is a whole Japanese Hip Hop scene that is growing bigger and bigger, and thats what I personally live. The next element is Breaking. Breaking is a term used for dancing, and most people know it as Break Dancing. Although Breaking has become a small part of the whole dance scene in Hip Hop today, its the first form of Hip Hop dances. People spin on their heads, do handstands, slide with just their hands on the ground, spin on the floor with their legs spread out, and all kinds of astonishing moves. This is probably the most popular form of Hip Hop in Japan today because its so easy to begin and watch. DJs have one simple task: make people dance. Or thats what it used to be. Before, their main goal was to have the knowledge of the music so they can make people dance according to the mood and time. Also scratching records were their performance. Now, DJs have lots more jobs and probably the toughest element of all. Most DJs team up with MCs so they can act as the rhythm section ofShow MoreRelatedHip Hop And Rap Music1699 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop is a cultured style that started in the 1970’s. Majority of different funk groups began playing disco music at that time it was popular. During this time funk music was technology driven more electronic sounds were being used on the drum machines. Funk was the new dance in the early 70’s. This particular style of singing in which was being used is called rapping, this begun in African American, Urban Areas, Jamaican American, Latino American and many others cities of the United States. TheRead MoreRap Music : Hip Hop Essay1509 Words   |  7 PagesRap, or hip hop as some call it, ranks in the top ten of most popular music genres in the world. Since it burst on the scene in the late 1970s, rap music changed the landscape of the music industry, especially for African-American artists. The genre accredited some of the biggest names in the music industry. Popular artists like LL Cool J, Tupac, Notorious B. I. G., Jay-Z, Kanye West, and many others produce, or have produced, millions of hip-hop records. The secret to the success of hip hop centersRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music Essay1941 Words   |  8 Pagesincreased presence of hip-hop culture within American culture, many educators no longer view hip-hop culture with the same air of skepticism common in the early stages of HHBE.† Hip Hop Based Education also referred to as HHBE is movement that helps bring hip hop into the classroom.(USE THAT SOURCE HERE) HHBE has many positive and influential outcomes for children living in inner cities. Hip hop music has categories and one of them is rap. By bringing hip hop and r ap music into schools it servesRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music has delivered messages of freedom of expression, unity, peace, and protest against social injustices, for the past 30 years. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as hip hop culture. Hip hop culture originally included rapping, break dancing, graffiti, beat boxing, and looping and scratching, and has now includes urban clothing and cars, speech patterns and slangRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1584 Words   |  7 PagesHip hop music is one of the most popular genres in present time that rose to prominence in the 1980’s. The hip hop genre was born in the African American community and has since then changed into what it is today. What most individuals don’t know is that originally rap music did not contain such explicit themes as it does now; s uch as misogyny, drugs, crime, and violence among others. Many people may wonder what led to the introduction of such themes into rap music and why they remained popular.Read MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1505 Words   |  7 PagesSwiss Hip Hop and Rap According to Michael Dyson and Wikipedia, Hip hop music and Hip Hop culture formed during the 1970s when block parties became increasingly popular in New York City. The genre became home to and was developed by African American youth residing in the Bronx. Block parties involved DJs playing very percussive breaks of popular songs Then Rapping developed as the primary vocal style of the genre. Hip hop s early evolution occurred as sampling technology and drum-machines becameRead MoreRap Music And Hip Hop1560 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"Gangsta rap† has been around since the late 1980s, and has been categorized as a specific type of hip hop. Reflecting the violent lifestyles of many black American youths living within the inner cities of the West and East coast, gangsta rap became a voice. The genre reflected on and spoke about the harsh realities of what life for a black person during the 1980s. One of the most prominent rap names during this era that became the voice for many people throughout the nation was the N.W.A (NiggazRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music2527 Words   |  11 Pagesstudy of hip hop music has been cited well throughout its growth over time. The purpose of this paper is intended to discuss hip hop culture and address cultural stereotypes associated with rap and hip-hop music, but also how its original lyrical intentions were forms of expression and art. It will begin by guiding the reader through how it originated, its influence with the African-Americans with its subculture and pop ularity in urban areas, its styles of evolving, the introduction of hip hop and rapRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1527 Words   |  7 PagesHip Hop is also known as rap music, it was a genre formed in the United States in the 1970s that consists of stylized rhythmic music that commonly follows by rap music. Rap music is rhyming speeches that are chanted. It is a popular style of music that is developed by disc jockeys and urban black people in the late 1970s. It starts off with rhyming beat patterns in the background. It had all began in the Bronx of New York City, with urban men creating words that rhyme on the corner of their blockRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music904 Words   |  4 PagesHip-Hop/rap music receives the harshest criticism in the music industry. This is because listeners of hip-hop music don’t fully understand the message that the artist is trying to portray. Behind all the vulgar verses is actually a message that the artist wants to listener to know about. Most people don’t listen to hip-hop music because of how they see the artist illustrating their self. Many artists create music based off of his or her background and life growing up. Hip-hop music has a negative

The Reluctance of Hamlet toward Killing Essay - 1190 Words

The Reluctance of Hamlet toward Killing in William Shakespeares Hamlet The reluctant character Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, has become one of the most cited characters in history. Throughout Shakespeares play Hamlet knows what he must do, but avoids it in his mind. The problem is: why does hamlet delay in avenging his fathers death? Hamlet is afraid. He is afraid of failure. Hamlet tries to play off his fear by blaming outside circumstances, like doubting the existence of the ghost when he knows in his heart it is true, and not having the right opportunity to exact revenge. What it all boils down to is a belief in himself, or lack of, that is a lack of self confidence. Hamlets excuse of doubting the ghost is displayed in†¦show more content†¦Hamlet knows the ghost is the ghost of his father, and is afraid to admit it. Hamlet tries to cover his fear of revenge up by acting as if he doubts the existence of the ghost. Another way Hamlet covers up his fear is by blaming the wait to kill Claudius on his lack of perfect opportunity. Once Hamle t believes that Claudius is truly the murderer he says, And now Ill dot./ And so he goes to heaven,/ and so I am revenged./ That would be scanned: A villain kills my father, and for that./ I, his sole sun, do this same villain send,/ to heaven. (Act 3, Sc. 3, ln 78-83)(167) Hamlet can kill Claudius as soon as he chooses, but decides to wait to kill him and blames this on ensuring that Claudiuss murder is valid and that he will not be elevated as a martyr or a victim. This is not necessary, Claudius death must come and waiting is cowardly. Hamlet was ready to kill Claudius at one time, but Claudius was busy praying, and Hamlet says, when he is drunk asleep, or in his rage,/ Or in th incestuous pleasure of his bed,/ At game a-swearing, or about some act. That has no relish of salvation int-/ Then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven/ And that his soul may be as damned and black/ As hell, whereto it goes. (Act 3, Sc. 3, ln. 94-100)(169) Hamlet is given a perfect opportu nity to revenge his fathers death while Claudius is praying, but Hamlet decides against it. Yet another display of his cowardliness. Hamlet has theShow MoreRelatedHamlet and Horatio Best Friends for Life: an Analysis of Hamlet941 Words   |  4 Pages Hamlet and Horatio Best Friends for Life: an Analysis of Hamlet In Hamlet, two characters I believe to be important are Hamlet and his friend, Horatio. Horatio is the second most important character in the play. Horatio is Hamlet’s best friend and advisor. Horatio never keeps anything from Hamlet. In Act one, scene one; Horatio, Bernardo, and Marcellus see the ghost of king Hamlet who was killed by his brother, Claudius. AfterRead More Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as the Fools of Hamlet Essay example1077 Words   |  5 PagesRosencrantz and Guildenstern as the Fools of Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚   In William Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince Hamlet replaces the letter that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are carrying to England with a forgery of his own making, thus sending these two men to their deaths. He does this without giving it a second thought and never suffers from any guilt or remorse for his actions. Considering that these two men were friends from his youth, this would at first glance seem to reflect poorly on hisRead MoreFactors Contributing to Shakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play1203 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeares Hamlet Being a Great Play William Shakespeares Hamlet, through the heroism and nobility of its hero, his superior power of insight into, and reflection upon, his situation, and his capacity to suffer the moral anguish which moral responsibility brings, is considered one of the greatest pieces of literature ever written. Throughout the play, Hamlet, through both soliloquies and actions, displays these characteristics, which make Hamlet suchRead MoreRevenge Of Medea And Hamlet1436 Words   |  6 PagesMedea and Hamlet: Revenge in Any Form Does Not Work â€Å"You’re wise by nature, you know evil acts†¦Ã¢â‚¬  were the words used by Creon to describe Medea (Puchner 535). â€Å"Madness in great ones must not unwatched go† was said of Hamlet by King Claudius (Puchner1849). How different yet similar are the two descriptions of literature’s most discussed figures when it comes to revenge. Medea’s wisdom was known throughout Corinth because of her efforts to save Jason after he captured the Golden Fleece. Her angerRead MoreHamlets Reasons For Not Killing His Uncle, Claudius 1936 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"Why did Hamlet take so long to finally kill Claudius?† Many philosophers have dappled into Shakespeare’s most controversial book. Some looking for answers, and trying to find a deeper understanding as to why Hamlet has hesitation towards the murder of Claudius. Ernest Jones’s pounders with many theories to answer this question in his most famous article, The Oedipus-Complex as An Explanation of Hamlets Mystery: A Study in Motive.† Jones begins with playing off Hamlet’s fears, the idea that maybeRead MoreThe Sanity Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet1938 Words   |  8 Pagesto the character’s essence. Many acclaimed critics question the sanity of the protagonist in one of William Shakespeare’s most famous plays, Hamlet. The question of Prince Hamlet’s sanity divides readers into two different opinions: one defending his plan of fake insanity and the other confirming his insanity. In his plan to avenge his father’s death, Hamlet disguises himself as mad. Unfortunately, Hamlet’s intricate plan backfires as his mental illnesses become more prominent. The death of lovedRead MoreThe Massacre At El Mozote1519 Words   |  7 Pagesgovernment swayed towards methods like torturing, burning houses, and infrastructure at nearby hamlets where guerrilla members hid. The military believed that this formed of approach would c ut the water from the fish and lead the left-wing group to lose its means of receiving resources. El Mozote is a small village located in the Morazan department and had a large Evangelical Protestant population who did not support or root for either side during the civil war. In the hamlets and mountains nearbyRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Hamlet Essay2436 Words   |  10 Pageshim to lose sight of his noble cause: the character of Laertes in the play Hamlet. Laertes has a vendetta against Hamlet for killing his father. Although Laertes meant well in avenging his father’s death, his emotional behavior overtook him in the process. If we look at other characters in the play, we find a similar struggle between a noble goal and one’s emotions. Hamlet fights the same battle as Laertes does; however, Hamlet is better able to control his emotions. To maintain a noble goal withoutRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello 2012 Words   |  9 PagesPersuasive/ Argumentative Essa y: CONFLICT IS INDISPENSABLE TO DRAMA. SHOW THAT HAMLET PRESENTS BOTH AN OUTWARD AND INWARD CONFLICT. Submitted By: Jessica Gnanayutham Submitted To: Christopher Premdas Submitted On: January 15, 2015 Course: ENG 4U1 â€Å"I think what makes people fascinating is conflict, its drama, it s the human condition. Nobody wants to watch perfection. - Nicolas Cage As written above Nicholas Cage states that conflict is a definite part of us, human beings.Read MoreSummary Of The Prince During The 1500 S1622 Words   |  7 Pagesacceptable in itself – despite what his many detractors then and now have said; he concedes, rather, that evil sometimes has to be used’ (2). It is in this respect that characters such as Hamlet can be viewed as Machiavellian but not truly Machiavellian. Although he is not overtly evil, Hamlet is faced with the task of killing a legitimately elected monarch in order to avenge his father, with no concrete evidence, and only the word of the Ghost for proof. â€Å"The end justifies the means† loosely translates

Australian Industrial Relations Commission †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Australian Industrial Relations Commission? Answer: Introduction The Fair Work Act 2009 introduced the Fair Work Commission that started its operations on 1 July 2009 (Fair Works commission, 2017). The Fair Work Commission has been formed to operate as a successor of Australian Industrial Relations Commission. The functions of the department include fixating many factors such as industrial awards, minimum wage, resolving disputes, claim handling and enterprise agreements. The aim of the body is to formulate an organized system that can regulate industrial relations in Australia. The authority and control of the body extends to setting minimum wages, approval of business agreements, tribunal awards, resolving disputes among the employees, evaluating the agreements through tests and handling industrial bargaining and actions. BOOT is better off overall test that is being conducted by the Fair Work Commission in order to approve the agreement between employers and employees within an industry. The agreement lays out the terms and conditions that are to be followed by both employees and employers at the workplace. Aim The large organizations try to exploit employees in order to reduce the price of their products and offer the highest level of services to their consumers. This results in the harassments and oppression of the employees that could have severe consequences on the mental and physical health of the workers. Discrimination is one of the most common activities that have been witnessed in many of supermarket stores and retail stores and reason for that is the innocent and gullible foreign workers fall prey to the employers of elephantine organization and then suffer under harsh working conditions. The aim of the report is to analyze the concept of BOOT in an industry through the cases of Coles Supermarket and HM. The cases of Coles and HM would be analyzed in order to understand the significance of BOOT within the industry and workplace. The study of the report is limited to the country of Australia and would not consider the impact of the agreement outside the country. Scope According to the Fair Work Act of 2009, the Commission would only approve the agreement if every award of the agreement satisfies the Commission. The Coles Supermarket was faced with the challenge of one of its agreement being rejected by the commission regarding the wages paid to the employees (Mare Forsyth, 2016). The agreement received a great response from most of the employees of the Coles. The agreement was rejected on the grounds that it did not cover every aspect of employee award and some conditions were more advantageous and some conditions were less favorable as compared to the award (Tredwell, 2016). Now the Fair Work Commission raised the concern that the agreement failed better off overall test. Another giant Swedish retail chain has been facing the same challenge. The company covered around 1200 employees under the agreement and was paying them even less than the minimum wages as per the industry standards (Hannan, 2017). Another slander faced by the giant retail chain was the clause of working hours for the employees and the Commission waved it off (Marin-Guzman, 2017). The organization has been consistently thriving to satisfy the commission and approve its agreement under the better off overall test. The Ship Distributive and Allied Employees Association (SDA) has been trying to negotiate over the agreement to develop a new deal that offers fair work pay and favorable working conditions for the employees. Thus, the report would make an attempt to analyze the concept of BOOT by discussing its pros and cons for both the organizations. Concept and Definition The business agreements are created for the employees and employers at an industrial level. The guidelines that prescribe the conduct and behavior of the employees are being decided by the Fair Work Commission that is called collective agreement. The Fair Work Commission of Australia is responsible for conveying the complete gathered data related to the process of decision making in a business. The Fair Work Commission of Australia evaluates the gathered information effectively in order to pass the proposal that has been developed by the Fair Work Commission of Australia. Another major role of Fair Work Commission is to handle the disputes arising between employers and employees regarding the terms and conditions that have been proposed in the agreement. These types of agreements are being created when one or more employers are involved and there are more than two employees in the organization. The enterprise agreement provides assurance that all the terms and conditions of employmen t have been met by the industry including minimum wages and award of industry. The FWC has the complete authority to amend any laws of the agreement as per the requirement of the organization or the industry. The Fair Work Commission has created terms and conditions that encompasses the following components: Ensuring minimum wages of the employees. Providing healthy work conditions including feasible number of hours, proper lunch breaks and overtime allowance to the employees. Consultative proceedings. Effective management of the disputes within an enterprise or industry. The authority must present reasonable arguments for deducting the salaries of the employees in case it is done deliberately (Westacott, 2017). The Fair Work Commission is responsible for ensuring that the employees within an industry are not being exploited or oppressed and do not face the problem of discrimination within the organization (Fair Work, 2017). The body is responsible for formulating agreement that protects the rights of employers and employees. Once the agreement for the business has been formulated, it has to go through an approval process that is decided on the basis of type of agreement as being developed by the FWC. An agreement could be of three types including single enterprise agreement, Greenfield agreements and multi enterprise agreement. Single Enterprise Agreements A single agreement could have involved one or more than one employers (Fair Work, 2017). This could be illustrated by the example of franchise in which cooperation is of utmost concern. Now these employers have single minded interest according to the fair work commission of Australia. Multi Enterprise Agreements Multi enterprise agreements are being developed with the intention of involving two or more employers (Fair Work, 2017). The employers are not focused towards a single interest and also have diversified opinions on the prescribed conditions of the industrial tribunal. Greenfield Agreements Greenfield agreements concept is derived from multi enterprise agreements and single enterprises agreements (Fair Work, 2017). A new enterprise or occupations is being formed here and the employers aim to develop the purpose of the organization before they hire the employees. The Fair Work Commission approves the formulated agreement through the bargaining and negotiation process. The FWC takes strict measures during the approval of the process to ensure that all the terms and conditions have been understood by the employer. The employer must also be able to visualize the impact of the terms and conditions that have been proposed by the body. Further, the agreement must be presented to the employees after the employers have shown their consent of the agreement (McPhail, Jerrard, Southcombe, 2015). An agreement could include the guidelines that determine the relationship of the employer and employees. The agreement also deals with the situations that could have an impact on the relationship of employer and employees. It covers the issue of salary deduction that has been deliberately carried out by an authority. Benefits of BOOT The BOOT protects the rights of the employees by ensuring the following factors: Minimum Wages: The employees are entitled to receive minimum wages when they are working for any organization. The employers tend to deliberately offer wages less than the minimum wages to the employees to increase their profitability. The BOOT test conducted by Fair Commission of Australia ensures that the employees are entitled to minimum wages in the industry and are not being exploited by the employers. Employees have the right to receive minimum wages when they are working for any organization and these rights must be protected. Thus, the Fair Work Commission sets the appropriate terms and conditions for the employers that prohibits them from depriving the employees from their basic human rights by ensuring fair work pay system in the organization. The bench of Fair Commission rejected the agreement of Coles on the basis of that it did not benefit the workers financially and deprived them off their basic human rights of fair pay. Healthy Work Conditions: The employees have the complete right to receive favorable work conditions that do not affect their health. The large organizations such as Coles and HM employee the employees under the illusion of giving them all the facilities along with healthy work environment. Thus, in such a scenario, Fair Work Commission become active though its condition that the employees are entitled to work under favorable work conditions and prescribed the maximum limit of working hours so as to not harm the health of the workers. The employees also have the right to receive timely lunch breaks and tea breaks from their prescribed duties. Further, in case the employees work beyond a certain time limit then they are entitled for the overtime allowances. One of the agreement proposed by HM was dismissed by the President of Fair Work Commission on the grounds that it did not provide the workers with the sufficient break time and also did not contain any clause for overtime allowance (SDA, 2017). Consultative Proceedings: The process protects the rights of the employees through a defined process that enables the employees to present themselves in a dispute. When Coles did not include this factor in its agreement, it was dismissed by the full bench of Fair Work Commission (Winckworth, 2016). Conflict Management: A dispute is likely to arise within an organization that could create chaos among the employees. This has a huge impact on the productivity of the organization and also influences the environment of the workplace. Thus, the Fair Work Commission aims to resolve any disputes that could possible arise at the workplace. The body ensures that the issue is being handled effectively through mutual understanding among the employees. Coles did not include this clause in its agreement for which the complete agreement was rejected by the Commission (Winckworth, 2016). Deliberate Deductions: The employers sometime deliberately deduct the wages of the employees. According to the rulings of the Fair Work Commission, if authority intentionality deducts the basic salary of the employee, then he/she has to present reasonable argument for the same. When Coles proposed agreement failed to provide any clause stating this condition, it was dismissed by the bench of Commission (Winckworth, 2016) Thus, the BOOT aims to protect the rights of the employers and employees and bring both the parties on a common platform by laying out terms and conditions that are agreed by both parties. It also provides security to the gullible workers that would have been otherwise exploited by the employers. Concerns With BOOT In spite of strict approval process being developed by the Fair Work Commission, there are some glitches of better off overall test. The test fails to consider the certain scenarios due to which those agreements are also being passed by the Fair Work Commission that do not aim to provide protection to the rights of the employees. The real life examples of Coles Supermarket and HM retail chain have been illustrated in order to gain an insight of the challenges that the test poses for the workers. Recently, one of the deals of Coles was approved by the Fair Work Commission that had a huge impact on the lives of about forty three thousand employees. The deal simply approved the clause of paying wages below the minimum level to around forty thousand workers (Collier, 2016). The Commission was misled by a statutory declaration and then reviewed the deal for closure examination. According to the sources, Coles has been slandered with underpaying its workforce by an amount of approximately $100 million every year (Collier, 2016). Further, the retail chain has also been able to save itself from the complaints about penalty rates. The Coles have been criticized for its double facet statements. The agreement of the company did not cover the award for all the employees and it was discovered after an interview with the employees. Further, Shoppies union has also been supporting the Coles through its diplomatic statements. The union also claimed that the Commission would be using the test through a new methodology. This is completely preposterous as the test is always applied for every worker and not for a workforce. The organizations are never allowed to give the excuse that some workers are being paid higher than minimum wages and the rest would be paid below the minimum wages (Collier, 2016). The above concern has affected the lives of numerous workers who are being paid an amount lesser than the minimum wages at Coles. Instead of simply canceling the deal, the Commission has been trying to clarify its decision to approve the test that was not favorable for the workers. HM has also been found to be involved with dodgy deals with the Fair Work Commission in terms of claiming that its terms and conditions pass better off overall test. The giant retail chain has been thriving to increase its profit by reducing its cost of products. The company has been alleged with a track record of unethical behavior (Amieu Newcastle, 2017). SDA has completely supported the mammoth retail chain to continue its underpaying policy for the workers. The company has also been accused of providing unfavorable conditions for the employees due to which many have even died. Fair Work Commission was able to assess the components of HMs agreement quite later to find out that the company does not abide by major of the tests components. Recommendations After investigating the case studies of Coles HM, it can be construed that the Fair Work Commission needs to bring forth some necessary changes that offer mutual consent among the employers and employees so that the employers are also not being pressurized by the terms and conditions of the Commission. The proposed recommendation for the Commission is that they should try to incorporate flexibility terms for an industry or occupation. The flexibility term would encourage to form an agreement that emphasize on the individual needs of employers and employees (Fair Work, 2017). The flexibility term would enable an employee to give the freedom to be able to meet the needs of employee as per the requirement of the situation. Thus, the agreement would now consider the genuine need of the employer. Flexible terms and conditions would encourage the employers to create more fair terms and conditions that provide favorable working conditions and fair work pay for the employees. The employers would not pretend anymore that the components of their agreement pass the better off overall test. Instead they would try to make sure that they strictly follow the prescribed terms and conditions of the body and do deliberately violate any laws of Commission. Conclusion The report has successfully analyzed the concept of BOOT by discussing the case studies of Coles and HM. In the case it was found that the large and giant retail chains often pretend that they adhere to the laws and policies of Fair Work Commission. After scrutinizing the cases of Coles and HM, the companies have been found to incorporate policies that goes against the major policies of the body. Coles and HM were found to underpay their simpleton workers deliberately with the aim to increase their profitability by reducing their overall cost. Coles was also found to not provide adequate lunch breaks to the workers and had very unfair and unethical policies that violated the rights of workers. Thus, the report specifically illustrated the role of Fair Work Commission in the approval of the agreements of these retail chains. Flexibility terms and conditions was the proposed recommendations for the Commission through which reform and amendments could be made and the conditions of these workers could be improved. References Amieu Newcastle. (2017). SDA Welcomes Fashion Retailer HM To Australia By Surrendering Wages And Conditions. Retrieved from: https://newcastle.amieu.asn.au/sda-hm-wages-conditions/ Collier, G. (2016). Coles looks like new Cleanevent and workers look the losers. The Australian. Retrieved from: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/opinion/columnists/grace-collier/coles-looks-like-new-cleanevent-and-workers-look-the-losers/news-story/046badcd570a41f5e14a0b4effa80ce5 Fair Work. (2017). Use of individual flexibility arrangement. Retrieved from: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/how-we-will-help/templates-and-guides/best-practice-guides/use-of-individual-flexibility-arrangements Fair Works commission. (2017). Fair Work Commission. Retrieved from: https://www.australia.gov.au/directories/australia/fwc. Hannan, E. (2017).Swedish fashion giant gets BOOT from FWC. Retrieved from: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/industrial-relations/swedish-fashion-giant-gets-boot-from-fwc/news-story/4104185a3defd23942bbabd363adda51 Mare, N.L., Forsyth, A. (2016). The Coles Agreement Decision And What It Means For Enterprise Bargaining. Retrieved From: Http://Www.Corrs.Com.Au/Publications/Corrs-In-Brief/The-Coles-Agreement-Decision-And-What-It-Means-For-Enterprise-Bargaining/ Marin-Guzman, D. (2017). HM penalty rates trade-off refused amid retail expansion. Retrieved from: https://www.afr.com/news/policy/industrial-relations/hm-penalty-rates-tradeoff-refused-amid-retail-expansion-20170117-gtsy7g Tredwell, K. (2016). Major Australian retailer struggles to give employees better off overall under new agreement. Retrieved from: https://www.hallandwilcox.com.au/major-australian-retailer-struggles-to-give-employees-better-off-overall-under-new-agreement/ McPhail, R, Jerrard, MSouthcombe, A. (2015). Employment relations: an integrated approach. Australia: Cengage Learning. SDA. (2017). SDA Successfully Opposes unfair HM Agreement. Retrieved from: https://www.sda.org.au/sda-successfully-opposes-unfair-hm-agreement/ Westacott, J. (2017). Enterprise bargaining on the brink. Retrieved from: Australian Financial Review. Winckworth, J. (2016). Coles the BOOT needs to fit all feet (not just the majority). Retrieve from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2016/august/coles-the-boot-needs-to-fit-all-feet-not-just-the-majority

Supply and Demand and English Literature free essay sample

Should the government build more shelters for the homeless? Where will it get the resources to do so? I think that the government should build more shelters for the homeless people. The reason that I think the government should build more shelters is that if they are not giving people jobs than they should give them houses to stay because everybody is equal. For example when Hurricane Sandy hit the north the government had shelters to provide a place for the homeless. However if a bigger hurricane hits then the government will need more shelters. 2. Why do we measure output in value terms rather than in physical terms? Because things can be measured in different forms such as ton, cubic, piece etc. Converse these forms based on prices we will have a comparable value, in dollar term. The outputs are in different unit of measure. For example, a house, a car, a cow etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Supply and Demand and English Literature or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To sum them up, we have to change them to the same unit of measure. That’s in dollar term. 3. What does the supply and demand for human kidneys look like? If a market in kidneys were legal, who would get them? How does a law prohibiting kidney sale affect the quantity of kidney transplants or their distribution? As of this day in the US, 87,939 people need kidney transplants. In 2010, only 15,430 people received kidney transplants. Thats not too good. The main problem is that not enough people are registered as donors. If the market were legal, only the wealthy would be able to get one, and that is the problem. Who in the world would sell a kidney for $150 to a poor person when a rich person would pay $150,000 or more for one? That is why it cant be made legal; it hurts everyone who is not rich. 4. If all soda advertisement were banned how Pepsi sales would be affected? How about total soda consumption? If all soda advertisements were banned, Pepsi sales would not be affected. They cut their advertising budget in the last several years because they realized they would never be able to catch up with Coke. Also if Pepsi doesn’t advertise their product they would save millions a year. Pepsi also doesnt have to do a lot of advertisement because they are already known all over the world so it wouldnt affect their product. 5. What are the fixed input constraints that limit worker productivity in the typical fast-food outlet? No, it is still be added as a cost, but its called implicit cost or the costs which have been never paid. This makes economist more sense than accountants as a thinker. This question reflects a lack of understanding of the small business as a lifestyle choice. Get your head out of the big business clouds a minute and look at this as cash basis accounting rather than accrual accounting. When you have a few people in the family and the income comes out of the station, why would you pay yourself an hourly wage? By the Way, gas doesnt make money. The store does. And you probably have to run several stores to get a decent retirement. 6. What industries do you regard as being highly competitive? Can you identify any barriers to entry into those industries? The Fast Food Restaurant industry is very competitive in the US. Barriers to entry; 1) The biggest is obviously the government in the form of local and state health boards, food inspectors, and nationally the FDA. 2) Start up cost: (a) buying everything you need, (b) getting through the initial months that will inevitably slow while you gain a reputation. 7. If you owned the only bookstore on or near the campus what would you charge for you economics book? If I owned the only bookstore on or around a campus I would raise the price of all the books. The reason that I would raise the price is that there are a lot of students there and most of them dont have a car, so they have to take the bus and pay. So they dont have to pay for the bus, but just pay more for the book. This is a good business because most students also dont have time to go buy a book at a far bookstore. 8. Why are professors of computer science paid more than professors of English Literature? Professors of computer science are considered in higher demand than those of English literature. The knowledge base for computer sciences is being changed constantly so the need for instruction is greater. Also to be a scientist you need to be smart and most people are smart but are lazy to do the job. So whoever is smart and ready takes the science job and whoever is smart and lazy take English literature. 9. Why should taxpayers subsidize public colleges and universities? What eternal benefits are generated by higher education? If you subsidize public colleges, the supply curve of public college education would shift to the right, thus making public colleges cheaper. With public colleges cheaper, the demand for private colleges would decrease, making private colleges cheaper. So as a result of subsidizing public colleges, you make public and private college education cheaper. Also For the same reason why they pay for public schools even if they dont have kids who go to them because everyone benefits from the knowledge they gain after they graduate. Ive never needed the fire departments help. Does that mean my tax dollars shouldnt go to fund them? 10. Could we ever achieve an unemployment rate below full employment? What problems might we encounter if it did? That’s impossible. A 0% unemployment rate would mean every single to-age worker has a job. There couldnt possibly be a negative rate since every worker has a job, there is a job for every worker. a -% unemployment rating could only happen if there was a surplus of jobs, but there would never be a surplus of jobs, with too few laborers. This is against every sensible judgment when running a business, its unsustainable. What business wants to create jobs it knows it will never fill? 11. What kind of external shock would benefit an economy? An increase in price of an export or decrease in price in an export would benefit an economy. If the changes were significant enough, they could have an extreme impact on the economy in Question. Also a drop in price of a major import. An increase in price of a major export. Availability of a new labor-saving technology. An influx of cheap labor from abroad. 12. How long does it take you to spend any income you receive? How would you spend it? It depends on what my income is. For example if i get 10 dollars a day then I would spend 2 and save 8. If you spend 2 and save 8 then you have a good chance of succeeding in USA. i would spend it on food and entertainment. 13. Have you ever borrowed money to buy something (car)? In what form did you receive the money. How did your loan affect the money supply? Aggregate demand? I borrowed money from my cousin last year to buy a car. I received the money in a check. My loan did not supply my money supply. 14. Why do banks want to maintain as little excess reserves as possible? Banks usually choose not to keep reserve because the money that you deposit is being loaned out. When the bank loans out its customers money it makes an overall net gain or profit. This is what keeps banks in business and is also why you receive an interest on your deposit.

Free Essays on Ethical Behavior

From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual... Free Essays on Ethical Behavior Free Essays on Ethical Behavior From a business perspective, working under government contracts can be a very lucrative proposition. In general, a stream of orders keep coming in, revenue increases and the company grows in the aggregate. The obvious downfalls to working in this manner is both higher quality expected as well as the extensive research and documentation required for government contracts. If a part fails to perform correctly it can cause minor glitches as well as problems that can carry serious repercussions, such as in the National Semiconductor case. When both the culpable component and company are found, the question arises of how extensive these repercussions should be. Is the company as an entity liable or do you look into individual employees within that company? From an ethical perspective one would have to look at the mitigating factors of both the employees and their superiors along with the role of others in the failure of these components. Next you would have to analyze the final ruling from a corporate perspective and then we must examine the macro issue of corporate responsibility in order to attempt to find a resolution for cases like these. The first mitigating factor involved in the National Semiconductor case is the uncertainty, on the part of the employees, on the duties that they were assigned. It is plausible that during the testing procedure, an employee couldnt distinguish which parts they were to test under government standards and commercial standards. In some cases they might have even been misinformed on the final consumers of the products that they tested. In fact, ignorance on the part of the employees would fully excuse them from any moral responsibility for any damage that may result from their work. Whether it is decided that an employees is fully excused, or is given some moral responsibility, would have to be looked at on an individual...

International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essays

International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essays International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essay International Sport Events In The Netherlands Tourism Essay 1.Introduction Without a successful execution of a superb scheme, it will hold no value. For a superb executing a successful scheme has to be created for every athletics organisation who wants to form such an events as the World Cup Football, Ryder Cup, Olympic Games, World Cup Hockey and Tour de France. The Olympic Games, World Cup Football and the Ryder Cup are the three biggest featuring events in the universe in footings of witness screening ( Tucker, 2007 ) . When a state wants to form such a large athletics event, the forming state has to hold a possible to form such an event and do an offer which can non be refused by the athletics commissions. This paper can added value and assist to supply such an offer which can non be refused. In the Netherlands there are athletics organisations which have the dream to form an event as the RyderCup 2014, World Cup Football 2018 or 2022 and the Olympic Games 2028 in the Netherlands. This paper has to place the most of import factors that have influence on a winning command for those events and do the dream become true. The construct of command on an international athletics event has grown the last decennaries. It has started merely before the Olympics of 1984 ( Los Angeles, USA ) . Such an international athletics event like the Olympics and the World Cup Football can supply the host metropolis and state a batch of benefits, but these are non ever guaranteed ( Meannig and Du Plessis, 2007 ) . For illustration, the Olympics of 1976 ( Montreal, Canada ) resulted in a immense sum of debts. Therefore, the International Olympic Committee ( IOC ) was since the Olympics of 1984 more focused on cost efficiency, low-risk and the use of bing substructure. The consequence of this attack was a immense fiscal success for Los Angeles 1984. Besides this, grosss from telecasting rights and sponsorships were increasing so more states were interested in forming such a athletics event ( Shoval, 2002 ) . The organisation of the international athletics events has to present an excellent offer, which exceeds outlook, to the commission by the organisation of the athletics event in the Netherlands. This research has the end to derive an understanding what it takes to win the command of some great sport event by placing the cardinal success factors of the command procedure. The research on this subject had an international focal point so there is no article of all time written on Dutch athletics event command. Therefore, this subject is really interesting for carry oning research. 1.1 Research inquiries To form such an event, an initial missive has to be written to the commission of the athletics event. With the dorsum of the Dutch Government they have to compose a missive of purpose to do the command functionary. Within this missive, the organisation will depict their program of action and why the event has to be in the Netherlands. With the deficiency of research on event command in the Netherlands, this research will concentrate on the apprehension of what it takes to win the command for an international athletics event by placing the cardinal success factors of the biding procedure. In this research, the most of import cardinal success factors will be identified and what the influence on the winning command will be. The inquiry of this research will be stated as followed: What are the indispensable factors and how can these be incorporated to make a winning command for an international athletics event in the Netherlands? 1.2 Sub inquiries I have divided the research inquiry in the undermentioned sub-questions: i‚Â · What are the advantages and this advantages of forming an international athletics event in the Netherlands? i‚Â · What are the stairss involved in the command procedure of an international athletics event? i‚Â · What are success factors for winning event commands by and large and within the Nederlands? i‚Â · What are the past experiences of implementing a command for an international athletics event in The Netherlands? 1.3 Command on major athletics events The growing of commercialisation in athletics has been significantly increased the last decennaries. International athletics events are really interesting for host economic systems, companies and athletics organisations ( Slack, 1998 ) . This is non merely because of economic benefit but every bit good for societal and political benefits ( Swart and Bob, 2004 ) . The complexness and benefits for hosting such a athletics event are grounds why athletics events are presently capable to a command procedure. The commands of the host states are presented to the boards and commissions for blessing ( e.g. IOC, FIFA, UEFA and RyderCup ) . The commissions of those major athletics events organize a competitory auction in the signifier of commands by possible host states to maximise the gross from the rights to form an major athletics event. This command procedure can be seen as a monopolizer confronting a competitory groups of bidders were three parties are able to pull out much of the fiscal benefit of hosting the athletics event from the command states. The athletics commissions sign a contract with the host state that regulates the flow of benefits associated with the athletics event. Hosting an international athletics event can be seen in an economical point of position as a right, which the host state buys from the athletics commissions ( Maenning and Du Plessis, 2007 ) 1.4 Model of the command procedure Offering on an international athletics event can be visualized in a conceptual theoretical account ( figure 1 ) . This theoretical account shows the relationships with different elements taken into contemplation that have impact on the mark of the thesis. The theoretical account shows the factors that are of import and of influence on a command procedure for an international athletics event. 1.5 Relevance In this Master thesis the research worker have tried to acquire more cognition on the indispensable factors to make a winning command on an international athletics event in the Netherlands. To make a winning command a big fiscal investing is needed but hosting an international athletics event can convey tremendous benefits. This is the ground why the figure of bidders is increasing tremendously. Due this fact, this specific research on the indispensable factors for hosting an international event can be of added value for the event bidder. Besides, on the subject on event command is really small known. The relevancy of this research could be of influence on the determination shapers for coming bid book shapers for hosting an international athletics event in the Netherlands. 2. Research Methodology 2.1 Introduction This chapter outlines the research methodological analysis used for this Master thesis. It will do clear which types of informations have been used and more significantly why. Furthermore, it should do clear how the analyses have been conducted and where the decisions are based on. 2.2 Research design To reply the research inquiry, this chapter should do clear how the research have been conducted the analysis and were the decision are based on. The information for this study consist out of primary and secondary informations. The primary information is collected by qualitative interviews with experts in the field of international athletics events or command procedures. Qualitative attack is taken, because more practical penetrations into a command procedure can be taken. This is non possible when the research is conducted merely via qualitative informations. The secondary informations comes from theoretical cognition, which is available. The secondary informations can been found through literature from diaries, books and research studies. Most of this information is related to international athletics events and non to feature events in the Netherlands. Besides this, a good reply on the research inquiry can be reached through the information from international athletics events. The combination of primary and secondary informations can be used to reply the research inquiry and the sub inquiries. First, the sub inquiries will be answered which will take automatically to the reply of the chief inquiry. At the terminal, the consequences of the primary and secondary day of the month will be combined the come up with decisions and recommendations. 2.3 Interviews Qualitative interviews will be used for the primary informations. First of wholly, the inquiry list was set up. This list contains more than 20 inquiries, divided into different subjects with extra inquiries. These inquiries were based on the sub inquiries of the thesis. Before the interview, the chief subjects of the interview will be explained by a short debut. This, to give the interviewee a short indicant were the research worker is looking for and do them comfy with the interview. The interviewee was asked about his map and the engagement of the company/government into athletics events and about the added value for athletics events in the Netherlands. The command procedure is taken to research how the command procedure is set up, who is involved and what the chief phases are. The 2nd subject of the interview is stakeholder, which identifies the most of import people into the command procedure and what their influences can be. Success factors identifies and ranks the critical suc cess factors on a winning command. The 4th subject, international athletics events in the Netherlands acknowledge if concerns, authorities, ( local ) community are all supportive and enthusiastic about hosting such an event in the Netherlands. The last subject of the interview will be the Improvements on the command procedure of international athletics events in the Netherlands. 2.3.1 Choice of participants Besides the inquiry list was made, a list of participants was created for carry oning interviews. This list is divided into two different groups: ( a ) athletics and ( B ) industry environment. Group A: athletics: This group exists of people active within the athletics universe and involved in command procedures for international athletics events. Group B: industry environment. This group exists of stakeholders, the corporate universe and other experts in the field of 2.3.2 Data aggregation Initial contact was needed before the interviews could take topographic point. All contacts were made by the research workers straight. The interviews were conducted via face to face and telephone, due the troubles for doing an assignment. The interviews were recorded with permission of the interviewee. The interviews were recorded due the fact that the research worker do non desire to lose of import quotation marks and miss of import reading. Besides, the informations analyse could be done more exactly because the research worker could listen more times to the interview. This to guarantee no of import or valuable information was lost. 2.3.3 Data analysis After each interview was conducted, the interview was converted into transcripts. It was non literally typed out, because non all information was relevant for the research. After carry oning the interviews, all the interviews were analyzed on replies on the sub inquiry. These replies were compared with the theoretical portion of the thesis. The informations coming from the interviews were used to back up or strength the theoretical informations. 2.4 Decision In this chapter the research methodological analysis was set out for carry oning research. It started with the account of the usage of primary and secondary informations. After, an account of the set up for the interviews and the participants. Continued with the manner the information was collected and analyzed. With this, theoretical and practical informations were compared and could give informations to reply the sub inquiries for this thesis. 3. Theoretical model 3.1 Introduction In this chapter I will show a reappraisal of the literature to research what has been researched and written sing my subject. The information will be used to acquire a better apprehension of the subject with research that has been conducted by researches. The result of the deepness interview can be compared with the theoretical informations to acquire a better understanding about the command procedure for an international athletics event. The information that already has been written on my subject, I will utilize it to acquire a better apprehension on my subject. The interviews with specific spouses will be used to compare theoretical informations with practical informations. Both can take to the best attack, which can be used for the command procedure. Due the deficiency of information and literature to the command procedure of international athletics events in the Netherlands, I will concentrate chiefly on the information found about command and forming athletics events. The chapter is divided into different subdivisions. First the term international athletics events will be described. Second the advantages that can be achieved by forming major events. Followed by the most of import factors that are of import to make a winning command. After this the factors of influence will be discussed. Last, the past experience of event command in the Netherlands will be described. 3.2 An international athletics event Literature describes these sorts of events as particular, mega, alone or major events ( Getz, 1997 ; Hall, 1995 ) . All events have an pulling international attending, short continuance and organized one-off or on a regular rhythm. To form such an international event, support from the ( local ) authorities of the host state is needed. With this support, the organisation can reconstitute the substructure, altering policies, etc. The international athletics events pull a batch of international attending, because it is broadcasted all over the universe with many witnesss. All of those factors are related to an international athletics event and that is the ground why researches define this as an international athletics event. Events like the Olympics, World Soccer, Tour de France and the Ryder Cup are illustrations of an international athletics event. 3.3 Value of hosting events The literature describes the value of organisation such a alone event as the Olympics, World Soccer, Tour de France and the Ryder Cup. The hosting state can see socio-economic and political benefits before, during and after the event ( Swart and Bob, 2004 ; Jones, 2001 ) . A twosome of benefits are effects on the societal community, coevals of grosss, development bowls and substructure, excess touristry, return touristry via experiences and media exposure, and other economical benefits ( Swart and Bob, 2004Getz, 1997 ; Hall, 1995 ) . Besides the exhilaration of being a host state, a batch of media exposure can convey positive returns to the hosting state, which offset initial investing made ( Du Plessis, 2007 ) . Hall ( 1992 ) has found in his research that states or metropoliss besides host international athletics events for hiking their image of the state or metropolis in order to develop the touristry. With this a metropolis or state wants to be a concern or touristry finish. Fore sts ( 2005 ) mentioned that the above steps touchable impacts could besides be intangible impacts. Social intangible impacts such as quality of life, civic pride and societal properties of communities could alter into a positive or negative manner for the host state or metropolis. Forests ( 2005 ) explained the touchable and intangible impacts in a diagram for host states. This can be found in appendix A. 3.4 Factors of Influence With the fact the more and more states are offering on athletics events, it is of import to cognize the complexness and alone environment of the athletics industry. Due the fact that there is a limited supply of athletics events, it of import to cognize which factors influences the command procedure. Emery ( 2002 ) concluded the increasing demand from metropoliss to host athletics events and suggest that there is a demand to find the advantages of a state into the command procedure. A bidder should work their ain strengths instead than the failing into rivals. Therefore, several researches came up with cardinal factors into a winning command. The six factors of Crockett ( 1994 ) are: part publicity, fiscal returns, location determination, professional presentation, demands of determination shapers and economic impact. Emery ( 2002 ) came up with the undermentioned factors: full apprehension of the brief and the formal/informal decision-making procedure ; professional credibleness ; m ake non presume that decision-makers are experts, or that they use rational standards for choice ; custom-making professional touchable and intangible products/services and transcending outlook and cognizing the strengths and failings of your command in comparison to your competition. The cardinal success factors for command on an international athletics event were divided into two different groups: primary standards and new primary standards by the researches Ingerson and Westerbeek ( 2000 ) . Primary standards can be seen as pressing necessities to host an international athletics event in a state or metropolis. These standards must run into the demands of the event proprietors. The standards were: economic, political, substructure, media and proficient. After their research they came up with new primary standards which were: command trade name equity, edifice dealingss, bequest, offering experience, warrant added value, offering experience, originative statistics and command squad composing. After new research in 2002 of Ingerson and Westerbeek and in add-on Turner more of import factors were found. They came up with the eight success factors needed to make a winning command to form an international athletics event. The eight success factors defined by these research workers are: substructure, relationship selling, answerability, political support, ability, command squad composing, bing installations, and communicating and exposure. In the event proprietor view the ability factor of the forming squad can be seen as a important factor in the determination doing procedure to give the right to the squad to host the athletics event. The ability factor can be divided in proficient expertness, event direction and sport-specific expertness to run the event ( Ingerson, Westerbeek and Turner, 2002 ) 3.4.1 Bid Team Emery ( 2002 ) concluded in his research that a command squad must understand the formal and informal procedures and these should non be underestimated. A command squad with a batch of experiences in forming little or big ( international ) athletics event is really ideal, but this can be overcome by choosing cardinal individuals to fall in the command squad. 3.4.2 Stakeholders The engagement of stakeholders is important in portion of the command procedure and is aimed at increasing effectivity of describing to do certain that determinations really reflected the diverse involvements of all different histrions involved ( Frey, Iraldo and Melis, 2007 ) . It is necessary that the command squad cooperate with the cardinal stakeholders in the execution of an international athletics event. This to guarantee that different policies are complementary alternatively of viing with one other. A strong base of people who are in favor is important to make a winning command but it takes many stakeholders to form an international athletics event. An illustration with different stakeholders in the command procedure of an international athletics event is ; Local community Political and concern leaders Sport event commission Sport federations ( local ) Government Support from concern community 3.4.2.1 Local community A important portion in the command procedure is the support of the local community. Without the support of the local community it is about impossible to form a successful international athletics event. A duologue between the command squad and the local community ( stakeholders ) is necessary to understand and analyse the impacts and jobs on the community. 3.4.2.2 Support Business support and/or public support is frequently indispensable for an international athletics event because of the big sum of the fiscal committedness ( Westerbeek, Turner A ; Ingerson, 2002 ) . Another indispensable factor is the big measures of voluntaries that is necessary in the organisation ( Emery, 2002 ) . The securing of an international athletics event from portion of a more comprehensive touristry, concern investing scheme or athletics development to show that the major event is widely accepted and accepted by the community as a whole. 3.4.2.3 Sport associations In the organisation procedure athletics federations, both at national every bit good as international degree are playing an of import function to make a winning command. At national degree the support of athletics federations are really of import in the command procedure. For illustration, to make a winning command for the Olympics in 2028 in Amsterdam support from the NOC*NSF ( Dutch Olympic Committee ) is necessary. On an international degree, support from the European athletics federation is critical in the command procedure like the UEFA ( European Football Association ) for the World Soccer Bid in 2018 in the Netherlands. 3.4.2.4 Government, provincial and local political relations The organisation commission has to understand the bureaucratism of the authorities, provincial and local political relations. Besides, they have to put in this relationship. The organisation of the athletics event will be guarantee that there is a desire and support of the ( local ) authorities to procure the international athletics event for their state and part. A authorities relation s expert can be of added value for a command squad and its political support. First of all support from politicals is of import for procuring important resources such as physical, fiscal and human resources. Second, the support is needed for political and fiscal stableness of the hosting state in relation to the longer-term ends and policies of the authorities that will lend to the quality of the athletics event ( Westerbeek, Turner A ; Ingerson, 2002 ) . 3.5 Bidding procedure The command procedure is for every international athletics event different. This can differ significantly, depending on the sort of event. There is a difference between command for the Olympic Games or World Cup Baseball. Emery ( 1997 ) concluded that there seems to be a generic command procedure which can be used for all sort of athletics events that require a command. The environment of an international athletics event is really complex and involves different elements: resource, organisational and proficient complexness ( Maylor, 1996 ) . Harmonizing to the research of Emery ( 2002 ) the command procedure will last minimally one twelvemonth with three different organisational phases ( figure 2 ) . First of wholly, the group willing to take part in the command procedure should acquire blessing of the local council. Second, the group should convert the national athletics federation by offering a competitory command, which will go the national command after the blessing. Finally, this national command will be offered to the international athletics commission and this should take to a winning command and therefore the right to host the international athletics event. Figure 2: Basic sum-up of major event organisation relationships and construction ( Emery, 2002 ) Within the three phases, the degree of resource committedness, bureaucratism and engagement of stakeholders rises. When the right to host the international athletics event is officially, the low degree contractors are responsible for the major hazards associated with the event ( Emery, 2002 ) . Getz ( 2001 ) came up with another theory were the focal point is on relationship selling of the command procedure ( figure 3 ) . This theoretical account described the factors that influence a command procedure and a winning scheme. It described the standards for the event proprietor and on the other side the factors that influence the event organisers. Those standards come together and ensue to the command procedure. This theoretical account with the two standards is influenced by different critical success factors. Figure 3: Event command procedure ( Getz, 2001 ) Appendixs Appendix A

Colonial Latin American History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Colonial Latin American History - Essay Example Gender and family of the Andean nun I have the notion that the society in this colony is having a big change in the direction of the gender and family ties. The Spanish America is experiencing the change in the way nuns try to empower themselves as they were presenting themselves as the brides of Christ in the community. I see that they take the scene with the dowries, which is then pooled together and managed by salaried men. This act was instigated by the colonial administration of the government where the promotion of Catholicism created a safety haven for the orphans and single mothers. Marriage is permitted, tied by the destinies of the two involved individuals, which is contrary to their own cultures. The government has mandated the instigation of the catholic religion to the population. Despite the introduced religion, stipulate the marriage system be done under the influence of consent from the involved parties the families of the elite were made in the fashion of arranged marriages. Initially the societies in the region were more compact and observant of to the ideas and norms the cultures they had presented. The case of the Andean nun is more specific as many in the convents went to escape the atrocities that came with marriage. The native race being wiped out by the fornication and interracial relations created the new races in the Latin America. Being a member of the Spanish troops, it was clear to view of plight of the woman in the Andes came as derogatory and nerve wrecking. The way the husbands treated, the so-called wives made the women run for the convent to escape the humiliation. They resulted into the comfort of the convents where they devoted their lives to religion. As the elite focused on retaining the wealth in their circles, arranged marriages made the women want to feel as independent people instead of a person’s property (Bethell, 1995). This was instrumental in the shaping of the family ties in a different perspective. The core of the marital denotation of the elite colonial society entailed a sex/gender structure of honor therefore meaning not only to distinguish women from men but also to divide people by class.   The colonial elite were notable amid people who had honor, gentle decent, and people who did not show lack of latency.   Therefore, when a woman opted or accepted a connection of prostitution, she lost her reputation and reinforced her lower-class standing.   The society here was of the dual standard embedded in this masculinity structure, as the upper-class men would not recede their honor when they had mistresses of a lower class or race, simply if they married them. This was infuriating to some of the Andean women who opted to revolt in their own way. The convent was a good way to escape the chauvinist world and get a good life in the convents. Caste/class/race Another aspect of change I experienced in the society that experienced change was the paradigms in the class, social order and the race. The colonial governmen t the Mexico was very strict in the depiction of class and racial status. The laws were stringent to the miscegenation but the society was not

The report is write about Poma Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The report is write about Poma - Essay Example The analysis concludes that essential for management to lead the change process through setting the trend rather than simply giving instructions. The contemporary business community faces a myriad of changes most in various sectors ranging from economic, political, and technological development. These have forced many companies to initiate change accordingly in order to remain competitive and relevant. One of the companies that have been on the forefront of change implementation is Poma; a cable transport company established in 1936. Throughout its extensive history, Poma has developed a reputation for being a reliable partner in the cable transport industry with bases of operations every continent (Poma, n.d). Because of its diversified operative portfolio, this company has had to undergo numerous changes to ensure that, it not only keeps up with the changes taking place across the globe, but also is also always capable of fulfilling the needs of its customers. Despite its determination to remain flexible, Poma has faced numerous handicaps since change is neither easy spontaneous to achieve. Consequently, it is always necess ary to make a study of the change process to ensure that all the variables affecting it have been taken into consideration. This paper seeks to consider a wide range of factors that are likely to affect the effective implementation of change at Poma, and determine whether it is possible for this company to continue its evolution through direct engagement with its employees and other stakeholders. Poma is an international company that has to deal with individuals from diverse cultures and this creates a situation where it has to be as flexible as possible in order to ensure that all the changes necessary for its continued progress are effectively implemented. To this end, establishing an understanding of the company position in the global market is

Feminism Philosophy Essay Example for Free

Feminism Philosophy Essay At the onset, Valerie Solana’s SCUM Manifesto is a work that was clearly addressed to male species which she regarded as accidental a â€Å"biological accident. † The first two paragraphs of her work reveal her deep resentment on the role of men and women in the society. The last part of the first paragraph reflects her strong rejection of the male sex. Solanas identifies male in various ways but all describing the male as an undesirable species. To her, to be male is something that a man should be ashamed of and maleness is a dearth, a disease and that males are emotionally limited. She said male is completely an â€Å"isolated unit† and everything that he has in himself is nothing but a tool that he use to fulfill his drives and needs. Her work also reflect a seemingly an almost bitter feeling towards men. She used strong and very offending sentences emphasizing on the males’ purportedly many in capabilities including relationship except of his physical sensation. However, the male according to her is capable Solano’s obvious hatred to the male sex was also expressed in the way she describes how a male expresses himself. She described the male’s behavior as physically passive but then he does not like it. He expressed his frustration of his own passivity by screwing a woman he despises. She said the male project his passivity by projecting it onto women and by screwing. Overall, Valerie Solano’s work was an expression of her sentiments on the role between the male and the female in which she downgraded the role of the male species as concerns only of him self, but she gratifies women for her unselfish role. Solano stated that while mother cares for what is best for her children, the father only wants what is best for him. She was a man hater. In contrast with the work of Solano, Fry’s work is more objective although she also urges that women should detach themselves from the world of males and male dominated institution. This separation according to Fry is of various sorts which must includes institutions, relationships, roles and activities that are male dominated. Fry’s work reflects a more meaningful feminist opinion as she discussed important feminist issues leading to their objective of achieving liberation from the male dominance world. While Solano strongly reject the male describing him as incapable, emotionally weak, a disease, and so forth all maligning the male sex, Fry was more objective in a sense that she also put her feet on the other’s shoes. Though a real feminist and also a staunch advocate of the separation from male dominance, she described women’s role in the context of the traditional notion that men are the provider and the protector of women. Fry cited the notion of parasitism of the male and female in terms of family matters. But she insists that the parasitism â€Å"goes the other way around. † It is the male that is parasites to females’ because men are pathetic and used up by living by their own. In general, although both women were against the existing arrangement of the roles of men and women in the society, Solano was very radical in her views about the males’ role and the male as a person to the point that she appeared being a man-hater. Fry on the other hand, was more objective although she also deplored the male as weak and parasites to women. But unlike Solano’s views of the male which is very personal and very negative, Fry’s opinion reflects a carefully weigh ideas regarding the issues involving the role of men and women which in the perspective of feminist like them are offensive and binding to women. Is having a maid morally wrong? What are BARBARA Ehrenreich’s reasons for thinking so? Is correct? Why or why not? In my own opinion, having a maid is not morally wrong as long as they are not treated fairly, are not abused, and given just compensation. In the contexts of the employers, maids should not be viewed as slaves rather they should be considered as worker or even employees. Ong (2006) was right in her assessment that having a domestic helper or two is part of the â€Å"bargain with two-income families† (p. 201). Ong noted that a high standard of living is considered impossible â€Å"without one or even two foreign maids to take care of the household chores as well as of children or the elderly† (p. 201). Thus, having a maid at home should be considered as a social right, just like access to better schools, housing, shopping malls, and leisure. However, in the context of the families of these maids, to be maid in a foreign country is a source of hope on their economic miseries. Most of the families these maids came from are poor and the best option for them to survive is for their daughter to get employment overseas. In other words, hiring maids meant helping those families. Unfortunately, there are always people who discriminate others. They tend to abuse their domestic servants by giving them unequal and unfair treatment. According to the Human Rights Watch, many domestic helpers complain of abusive treatments such as not providing them enough food, longer working hours, and racist behavior. These are what is morally wrong and not the hiring of domestic helpers. Barbara Ehrenreich’s thinking about having maids at home On the other hand, Barbara Ehrenreich noted the movement of women around the world and draws a comparison that for every women executive who travels, large number of women from the third world countries leave their families to work as domestic servants in the first world countries. For Ehrenreich, this mass exodus of women is morally wrong because it results in odd displacements. Ehrenreich cited the facts that while these women carry with them the warmth of the female energy into the wealthy country that hired them; this is usually at the expense of their families left behind. Their absent deprive their families of her care which she willingly offer to the families that need her services abroad. For Ehrenreich, having domestic helpers harm one’s moral character and she calls on her readers not hire maids to clean the house. Ehrenreich argued having domestic servants clean the house is not good for the family especially the children. While Ehrenreich was more concern on are supposed to clean the house, which is usually done by the maids, she deplored that cleaning other people’s house is so gross and demeaning. While Ehrenreich may have a point, but this issue should not be seen as morally wrong rather it should viewed in the economic context. Having a maid is not morally wrong because it is a decent job for women who have fewer opportunities in life, especially those coming from very poor families in third world countries. As long as they are treated fairly and justly compensated, it is never morally wrong to employ somebody to do some jobs that one cannot do anymore. It is the most practical thing because it serves in two ways, it benefits the employer because they can concentrate in their work, and it benefits the maid because she will earn dollars for her family back home. Reference Fry, M. (1983) Some Reflection on Separatism and Power http://www. feminist-reprise. org/docs/fryesep. htm Ong, A. (2006) Neoliberalism as Exception USA: Duke University Press Solano, V. Avital, R. (2004) SCUM Manifesto USA: Verso

Is Cobol Dead :: Essays Papers

Is Cobol Dead There is common question being asked by many in the programming world. That question is â€Å"Is COBOL dead?† In spite of the years of criticism and all the predictions that some new language will soon replace COBOL, COBOL continues as a language of business data processing. Although C and Java have become significant languages over the past seven years, there is no question that COBOL is still a language of business data processing. COBOL has been an integral part of the market for nearly thirty years. There are an estimated 20 billion lines of COBOL code currently in use and a vast range of experienced COBOL programmers. There is no question that COBOL should remain as the central language in curriculum designed to prepare students for entry-level jobs in data processing. This assertion contradicts an unfortunate trend. Recent surveys have shown that the number of schools teaching COBOL is declining Colleges, educators, and others with an interest in data processing education must take advantage of every opportunity available to make the case for continued COBOL education. Certainly the newer software development tools will grow in their importance, but they will not cause COBOL to vanish in the foreseeable future. There is another side of the question that you also must look at; there is no growth in COBOL careers. Companies are no longer undertaking any kind of new development using COBOL, but still have a need for maintenance programmers. Insurance companies, banks, and large firms that have legal reporting requirements that change every time the Government's mind changes about what data it wants, still need their COBOL people to keep their legacy systems humming. And, having invested hundreds of millions of dollars into that legacy code, they have a hard time cost justifying throwing it all away now. COBOL is still used in many companies that reside here in Buffalo. The company that I work for uses COBOL in order to keep track of shipping, jobs that are still in process, and the also use it for it quality assurance for when they are audited. While they do use COBOL, there are no future plans to expand their COBOL database to handle other parts of their company. This is true for many companies all through out the world. They have invested much time and money into their COBOL systems that will remain but not expand.

Pearl Harbor Interactive Map

How did the United States attempt to halt the Japanese before the attack? They shot the submarine and it sunk. . On which Hawaiian island is pearl Harbor located? AAU 4. What did Bert Davis and Warren Law think the chances were for a Japanese attack? Bert Davis thought that it wasn't goanna happen as quick as it did. Warren Law thought that they weren't going to do it. 5. How many Japanese planes were in the first wave of the attack? 1 83 6. Which ship fired the first shots Of the war between the U. S. And Japan? Did the first shot hit?The Us Destroyer Ward and the first shot did not hit but the second one did. 7. At what time did the Ward report that it had been engaged? 6:30 8. Why does this message move so slowly? . At 0720 an officer in training shrugs off reports of the planes that were sighted†¦ Why? For security reasons he cannot tell radio operators. 10. At 0733 a message arrives in Honolulu, what happened that led Roosevelt to believe there may be an attack? A decoded J apanese message. 1 1 . According to Japanese pilot Harbor Hosing, how did they judge how high to fly?If the spray from the torpedo hit the wings 12. When the attack started what had the Japanese hoped to see, and didn't? Aircraft carriers 13. How did Warren Jones know that this was not a drill? 0755 He heard guns firing from his side of defense 14. What mistake on the part Of the Japanese led to the Utah being hit? They saw the wood-covered decks, and Hough she was a carrier 15. After reading about the Oklahoma, what happened which made it hard for the crew to escape? The battleship rolled over 16.Why was the Arizona hit by torpedoes and tables not? How were Carl Carbon's and Warner Falseness experiences different? The torpedoes went under the Vestal and they were different because Carl was on the Arizona and Warner was on the Vestal. 17. Where was Mary' Ann Ramsey? What does she remember? She was on Ford Island, and she remembers exploding of bombs, whine of lanes, fragments explod ing, smoke everywhere 18. Who was Dories Miller? Why is he considered such a hero? Dories Miller saved and injured captain and then shot down 3 Joneses planes 19.On the West Virginia 3 men survived trapped until what date? What happened? December 23, and they died because the air gave out 20. Why couldn't the B-1 7 Flying Fortresses that arrived from the mainland help? It couldn't help because they didn't have any gunfire 21 . Why was the explosion on the Arizona so devastating? It was so devastating because it killed 11 77 men and it all happened in 9 minutes 22. Who was America's first prisoner of war? Ensign Kane Kamala 23. Why did the Nevada not continue with her escape?

Odysseus and Aeneus: Travels to the Dark Side Essay

Ancient Greece’s Odysseus from Homer’s The Odyssey and ancient Troy’s Aeneus from Virgil’s The Aeneid are both heroes who struggle with identity and purpose, and these identities and purposes are tied up into the concepts and symbolism revolving around female versus male and pagan versus Christian-like influences. In comparing Odysseus’ travel to the underworld and Aeneus’ decent to the land of the dead, one can relate these journeys to the main philosophical plots of both works of ancient literature. Although both men return from Hades alive, the two men’s initial approaches to the dead are slightly different, Odysseus performing sacrifices at the direction of the female goddess Circe and Aeneus praying to the male God Appollo and led to the gates by the priestess Sybil. The variance in how the heroes enter the spirit worlds lends significant insight into how their experiences in the underworld play out and mirror the entire themes of both tales. The heroes’ experiences with the dead are not unlike the major plots of both works, Odysseus focusing more on a successful return to his wife and Aeneus centering more on a successful honoring of God and country. The more mortal, pagan, and female experiences of Odysseus’ journey contrast to the more immortal, Christian-like, and male voyage of Aeneus. A main difference in the drive of the two men is that Odysseus is driven by the recommendations of the Goddess Circe and Aeneus is empowered by the guidance of the God Appolo. Here one can see the divine gender differences and the contrast of abiding by the rule of an immortal woman or the power of an immortal man. Leadership positions are of great significance in The Odyssey and The Aeneid, because Ithaca and Troy were in bitter battles for power and influence during this time. In calling attention to modern day Christian theology, it can be stated that perhaps Aeneus displays the most leadership capacity, given that he takes heed of the influence of male figures. However, in refuting modern day Christian mentality, one can suppose that Odysseus may be correct in placing his trust and ability to be guided in the hands of a woman, accepting the idea of womanly power and the feminine energy which can be useful to and benefit male figures. The fact that the tale of Odysseus was born several hundred years before Christian theology contrasts with the story of Aeneus, written only a couple decades before Christ’s birth, on the cusp of Christian influence. The communication of the ghosts to both heroes gives insight to the similarities and differences of their experiences in the underworlds. At the River of Ocean in the land of the Cimmerians, the spirits themselves come to Odysseus, giving him a more rooted or female positioning, Elpenor one of the first to greet Odysseus, begging him to return to Circe’s island and give him a proper burial. In Dis, the land of the dead, Charon delivers souls to Aeneus from across the river Acheron, and Sybil explains to Aeneus that the souls of the dead must remain on the other bank. However, upon showing his golden branch, Aeneus is able to be ferried across and he moves into the underworld, granting him an entering and more male positioning. Further communication with the spirits reveal to both men the end goals or purposes of their expeditions. For Odysseus, in the counsel of the ghost prophet Tiresias, he is informed that the Achaeans are being punished by Poseidon for the blinding of his son Polyphemus and foresees that Odysseus will have a successful journey culminating in the return to his wife, the banishment of her eager suitors, and the future engagement in another trip to appease Poseidon. The goal for Aeneus is also revealed in the land of the dead by the spirit of his father Anchesis, that Romulus will found Rome, a Caesar will eventually come from the line of Ascanius, and Rome will reach a Golden Age of rule over the world. Here, one notes that for Odysseus, a return to Penelope is a large part of his purpose, while Aeneus appears to be on a mission revolving fighting solely for the fatherland. The relative physical nearness of Odysseus to the spirits contrasts the distance of Aeneus to the ghosts they both encounter, Odysseus seemingly swarmed by the souls and Aeneus travelling to the spirits throughout Hades. The shades of the dead are immediately able to interact with and influence Odysseus, while Aeneus is separated from the spirits by the river and must be shuttled across by the gate keeper, Charon. Also, the concept of levels of purgatory is not readily apparent in Odysseus’ experience in the underworld, while Aeneus experiences the movement through stages of Hell, from the suicide victims in the Fields of Mourning to the innocent spirits in the Blessed Groves. One can distinguish between the more ancient belief of Odysseus being directly submerged with the spirit world, souls coming to him directly, and Aeneus’ more Christian-like orientation of being classified in steps away from the divine or away from eternal joy according to the level of preoccupation with sin and death, journeying through the various areas of what could be termed a kind of purgatory in Hell, perhaps just short of divine life or mortality in Heaven. Two former soldier spirits communicate to the men that they would like to be buried properly, which serves to align the tales of Odysseus and Aeneus more closely together. Both Elpenor’s plea to Odysseus and Aeneus’ spotting of Palinurus within the area for spirits having received improper burials bring sadness to the hearts of the heroes, perhaps knowing that the deceased did not receive the most appropriate and respectful honor from them. The quick and dirty nature of battle is called to mind for both of the men as they express regret at their ineffectiveness in having paid proper respects to their lost friends. Here, Odysseus and Aeneus are seen as more similar, both either guilty or saddened by the lost chance to truly honor the dead at the time of their passing. This experience serves for both men a time of self reflection on their own actions, deliberating on whether or not they had made the right choices and calling to mind the concepts of sin and regret due to possibly mistaken actions. In comparing Odysseus’ marriage to Penelope to Aeneus’ sighting of Dido in the land of the dead, one is struck by the sharp contrast in the men’s relationships with women. While Odysseus is faithful to Penelope and keeps her as a driving force in his quest, a goal and treasure to which he wants to return and defend, Aeneus is shocked by seeing his former love in the Fields of Mourning, having killed herself and married a ghost in the afterlife. Aeneus’ incapacity at sustaining a relationship is a very important point to consider in the comparison of both heroes. Perhaps Odysseus’ clinging to the more female part of existence and divine life lends power to his ability to hold his marriage together, giving support and honor to the idea of family life. Although both men are soldiers on journeys to defend their home countries, Odysseus does not make the complete break from home in the way that Aeneus does. The splitting of Aeneus and Dido is a deep and telling fracture which can lend insight into the Trojan way of thinking regarding marriage and family. In this way, Aeneus’ masculinity works against him in that he is effectively separated from romantic love, and Odysseus’ pact with the feminine keeps him bound closer to family and home life. Also touching on the concept of family members as they relate to gender differences is the fact that Odysseus is visited by his mother in the underworld and Aeneus seeks out his father. The coming of Odysseus’ mother Anticleia is again a more female orientation visitation and perhaps another impetus for Odysseus to return home to his wife Penelope, as his mother confesses to have died of grief in waiting for his return to Ithaca. Aeneus’ conversation with his father is again a more male oriented interaction. Anchises explains how the spirits move about in Dis, illustrating more clearly the Christian-like concept of purgatory and gaining insight on how the ghosts are able to reach the Fields of Gladness, as well as gaining insight on the future role of Trojans in Rome and the expansion of the Roman Empire, lending support to the ideas of hierarchy and patriarchy. In paying attention to the sensation of what it was like to have been in the two underworlds, one notes that the experience of the souls in Odysseus’ underworld is nothing less than suffering and that the experience of the spirits in Aeneus’ land of the dead is more variable, some suffering and some happiness. Odysseus’ departure from the underworld in being swarmed by the souls is one of fright and fleeing, while Aeneus leaves the land of the dead courageously. The distaste which Odysseus holds for the dead ghosts is apparent, and he expresses the fact that he wants nothing to do with knowledge of the dead. The encounter with his mother Anticleia may have also invoked fear in Odysseus that his wife Penelope may also surrender to sadness and death. Aeneus is more curious of the afterlife, the positive aspects and negative aspects being grouped separately, and he demonstrates a desire to learn about now to gain access to the nicer areas of the spirit world. The energy he receives from the encouraging conversation with his father regarding the positive aspects of purgatory and the future goal of his triumph in Italy enables Aeneus to leave his visit to the land of the dead with confidence. The notions of judgment and peace are also themes in Odysseus and Aeneus’ visits to the afterworld. In Odysseus’ underworld experience, the dead are not really judged, yet they are all unhappy. In this case, there is no peace for the dead and no judgment of death other than a negative one. To Odysseus, the underworld is black and unfortunate place, hopefully avoidable, yet certainly not avoidable for Odysseus given his own mortality. There is a blanketed negativity in Odysseus’ concept of the afterlife, no room for positive judgment and no room for peace. However, in looking at Aeneus’ experience in the land of the dead, one notes that there are various judgments of the spirits and various areas of suffering and bliss, correlating to the judgment of their life choices before death, Minos handing out judgments to the recently deceased. Although there are suffering souls, there are also ghosts who enjoy happiness and peace in the afterlife, concepts resembling the purgatory of Christianity during this pre-Christian area. In Aeneus’ experience, one is able to glean a sense of hopefulness from the spiritual world, while Odysseus’ encounter with the dead is mostly frightful and perhaps even unhelpful. These two experiences can be viewed in two ways. Perhaps it is positive that Aeneus sees joy in death, granting him extra courage to face the afterlife, however, perhaps this makes Aeneus closer to death, while Odysseus may be made safer by aiming to avoid death completely. In considering the two men and their two tales, it is illuminating to study the two midpoint travels of the heroes into the underworlds. Odysseus as a hero is somewhat more woman led, depending on Circe, interaction with his mother, and yearnings for Penelope, and this thread of female orientation is present throughout Odysseus’ journey. He is even warned by Tiresias to not touch the flocks of the sun, a metaphor which rings a sense of warning to resist the urge of being overly male oriented. Odysseus’ fear of death can be viewed in two different ways. Perhaps he is cowardly, or perhaps he is more attached to life and desires to be in the land of the living. Odysseus’ desire to return to Ithaca and reclaim his wife Penelope is always a drawing factor, and Odysseus’ flight from the spirit world may simply correlate to his desire to return home to his family. The hero Aeneus is more man led, valuing the prayers to Appollo, the conversation with his father, and letting go of his woman Dido, placing the voyage and battle ahead of his family life, remaining more male oriented. The letting go of his relationship with Dido and her subsequent death supports the idea that Aeneus is able to cut ties, however, one cannot be sure if the ability of Aeneus to cut ties is a positive ability or if he wrongly fractures his romance and family bonds. The concepts of opposing and complimentary genders, divine mortal and immortal influence, and pagan and Christian-like theologies and belief systems all contribute to the development of the tales The Odyssey and The Aeneid as well as place meaning and focus on the heroes Odysseus and Aeneus and their travels down into the realm of the dead, giving each character definition and shape in the similarities and contrasts between the two men and their unique yet related voyages. If Odysseus is a more ancient pagan with closer ties to the feminine and Aeneus is a more modern Christian-like figure with closer ties to the masculine, one wonders if something was gained in this historical transition†¦ or if something was lost. Works Cited Homer. The Odyssey, circa 800 BC Virgil. The Aeneid, circa 20 BC